Rega Detapratiwi
2201409057
405-406
1. Obtain
the definition of applied linguistics from three different experts.
*
Applied linguistics
is an umbrella term that covers a wide set of numerous areas of study connected
by the focus on the language that is actually used. The emphasis in applied
linguistics is on language users and the ways in which they use languages,
contrary to theoretical linguistics which studies the language in the abstract
not referring it to any particular context, or language, like Chomskyan generative
grammar for example. (Brown K: 2005)
* Applied linguistics is any
attempt to work with language in a critical and reflective way, with some
ultimate practical goal in mind. This includes (amongst other things):
deliberately trying to learn (or teach) a foreign language or to develop your ability
in your native language; overcoming language impairment; translating from one
language to another; editing a piece of writing in a linguistically thoughtful
way. It also includes doing any research or developing any ideas or tools which
aim to help people do these sorts of things. (Phil Durrant)
* Applied linguistics is a
discipline which explores the relations between theory and practice in language
with particular reference to issues of language use. It embraces contexts in
which people use and learn languages and is a platform for systematically
address problems involving the use of language and communication in real-world
situations. Applied linguistics draws on a range of disciplines, including
linguistics. In consequence, applied linguistics has applications in several
areas of language study, including language learning and teaching, the
psychology of language processing, discourse analysis, stylistics, corpus
analysis, literacy studies and language planning and policies. (Dawn Knight)
2. Find
similarities and differences of the three definitions.
*
Similarities
The similarities among those three
definitions are:
a.
Applied linguistics has applications in several
or numerous areas of language study.
b.
The ways people use and learn languages.
*
Differences
a.
Brown K emphasizes on language users and the
ways in which they use languages.
b.
Phil Durrant emphasizes on the way how to learn
or to develop the ability in native language.
c.
Dawn Knight emphasizes on relations
between theory and practice in language and applied linguistics as a discipline
in language learning.
3. Describe
the scope of applied linguistics.
Rampton (1995) claims that research in Applied Linguistics (AL) has
shifted from focusing on products, linguistics, and psychology to focusing on
processes, psycholinguistics, sociology, anthropology, and media studies,
respectively. He claims that the situation in AL is moving from autonomous to
ideological thinking. According to this new trend, AL has a sociopolitical,
cultural, and ecological interpretation. In this sense, AL research can occupy
a position that deals with political orders characterized by cultural
authoritarianism, service to the governments, competition on the market,
independent analysis and critique, and new social movements.
Corson (1997) claims that AL goes beyond ideal matters of linguistic
meaning and moves into the real world of human interaction. The influential
philosophy of human sciences, critical realism, begins with questions of being
and views the nonhuman properties of the social world as real entities
especially the reasons and accounts that people offer to interpret the material
and immaterial aspects of their world. He claims that if AL were to take these
accounts more seriously, it might contribute more directly to improving human
condition.
Sources:
Brown K.
(Editor) 2005. Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics – 2nd Edition. Oxford:
Elsevier (downloaded from www.anglozof.com).
Cambridge
University Press 2009 (downloaded from www.cambridge.org/elt).
Hossein Farhady: “On
the Scope of Applied Linguistics.” (Iran University of Science and Technology).
